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Vol. 60. Issue 6.
Pages 390-395 (January 2009)
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Vol. 60. Issue 6.
Pages 390-395 (January 2009)
Methodology for evaluation of malignancy screening in surgical thyroid gland disease
Evaluación metodológica para detección de malignidad en patología quirúrgica tiroidea
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Vladimir Rubioa,
Corresponding author
vladirubi@hotmail.com

Corresponding author.
, José Manuel Tamaritb, Nuria Bavierac, Sergio Fernándezd, Paloma Estremsb, Teresa Seijasb, Celia Lópezb, José Dalmaub
a Servicio de ORL, Hospital de Torrevieja, Alicante, Spain
b Servicio de ORL, Hospital Universitario Dr. Peset, Valencia, Spain
c Servicio de ORL, Hospital de Vinaroz, Castellón, Spain
d Servicio de Medicina Preventiva, Hospital Padre Jofré, Valencia, Spain
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Abstract
Introduction

We review a methodology for detection of malignancy in thyroid gland surgery, comparing clinical exploration, ultrasonography, gammagraphy, fine-needle aspiration (FNA), and extemporaneous biopsy with the definitive pathological results.

Material and methods

We carried out a retrospective study on a sample of 433 (n=433) patients who had been intervened due to thyroid gland disease at the same ENT centre between 1999 and 2004. We collected information focusing on the characteristics of cervical exploration, ultrasonography, gammagraphy, FNA, extemporaneous biops,y and definitive pathological results.

Results

With n=433, the male/female ratio was approximately 1/9 (m/f, 1/9), the average age was 45.5 years (range, 13–87) and there was 20.3% of referred family history of thyroid gland disease; the cervical exploration, ultrasonography, and gammagraphy were not good tests for the screening of malignancy; FNA and extemporaneous biopsy offered 74% and 81% of sensitivity (Sn), and 73% and 92% of specificity (Sp) in the detection of malignancy. The specific sensitivities towards papillary carcinoma of FNA and extemporaneous biopsy were 81% and 88%, while they were 66% and 62.5%, respectively, for follicular carcinoma.

Conclusions

FNA has good sensitivity in clinical suspicion of thyroid papillary carcinoma, although it should be complemented by extemporaneous biopsy due to its better specificity. In the case of follicular carcinoma, there is a tendency towards conservative treatment, without carrying out extemporaneous biopsy previously and with reoperation in case of definitive malignancy.

Keywords:
Surgical thyroid gland disease
Thyroid gland cancer
Fine-needle aspiration
Extemporaneous biopsy
Resumen
Introducción

Presentamos una revisión metodológica para detección de malignidad en cirugía tiroidea, comparando la palpación, la ecografía, la gammagrafía, la punción- aspiración con aguja fina (PAAF) y la biopsia extemporánea con la anatomía patológica definitiva.

Material y métodos

Realizamos un estudio retrospectivo sobre una muestra de 433 (n=433) pacientes intervenidos quirúrgicamente por patología de la glándula tiroides en un mismo centro de ORL desde 1999 a 2004. Realizamos recogida de datos centrándonos en las características de la palpación cervical, la ecografía, la gammagrafía, la PAAF, la biopsia extemporánea y la anatomía patológica definitiva.

Resultados

Con n=433 pacientes, la relación hombres/mujeres fue de 1/9 aproximadamente (m/f: 1/9), la edad media fue de 45,5 anos, con un rango comprendido entre 13 a 87 anos, y con un 20,3% de antecedentes de enfermedad tiroidea referidos; la palpación cervical, la ecografía y la gammagrafía resultaron pruebas de escaso valor para la detección de malignidad; la PAAF y la biopsia extemporánea nos aportaron un 74 y un 81% de sensibilidad y un 73 y un 92% de especificidad para la detección de malignidad. La sensibilidad específica para carcinoma papilar de la PAAF y la biopsia extemporánea fueron del 81 y del 88%, mientras que para el carcinoma folicular fueron del 66 y del 62,5%, respectivamente.

Conclusiones

La PAAF es sensible en la sospecha clínica del carcinoma papilar de tiroides, aunque se debe complementar con la biopsia extemporánea por su mayor especificidad. Ante el carcinoma folicular hay tendencia al tratamiento conservador, sin realización de biopsia extemporánea y reintervención ante malignidad definitiva.

Palabras clave:
Patología tiroidea quirúrgica
Cáncer de tiroides
Punción-aspiración con aguja fina
Biopsia extemporánea

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