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Vol. 60. Issue 6.
Pages 443-450 (January 2009)
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Vol. 60. Issue 6.
Pages 443-450 (January 2009)
Demand and supply of otolaryngology specialists based on evidence: What is the required number of specialists that should be trained?
Demanda y oferta de otorrinolaringólogos basada en la evidencia: ¿cuál es el número necesario de especialistas que se deben formar?
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Serafín Sánchez Gómeza,
Corresponding author
sanchezsg@ono.com

Corresponding author.
, Carlos Suárez Nietob, Ignacio Cobeta Marcoc
a Servicio de Otorrinolaringología, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, Spain
b Servicio de Otorrinolaringología, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
c Servicio de Otorrinolaringología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
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Abstract

Several concurrent circumstances have created an impression through the media of a presumed lack of specialists in Spain, which has one of the highest densities of doctors per population in the world: simultaneous creation of jobs in many newly built hospitals; accepting garbage contracts (for months, half/thirds of days, shifts) in relevant hospitals rather than moving to unattractive positions; full dedication to the field of public or private healthcare rather than making them compatible; bad public healthcare working conditions (low wages, excessive healthcare pressure, lack of respect from the public and from healthcare managers, on-call shifts, scarce professional promotion, difficult family reunification); decreased mobility due to insulation of the markets as a result of decentralization of healthcare by regions.

There is no shortage of specialists in otolaryngology, but instead there are sporadic inequalities in their geographical distribution. The current number of training doctor positions offered annually is higher at the moment than the demand of Spanish society, for specialists who have adapted smoothly to the requirements of the new medical practice: clinical management, care quality, technology-based efficiency, and evidence-based medicine. The modification of working conditions through higher flexibility in the working models and an increase of salaries based on activity and quality will show that the otolaryngology workforce generated by the current offer can assume the present and future demand. High quality in specialised otolaryngology training is the foundation to be improved, so that future otolaryngology specialists can continue facing health challenges without unduly increasing their number.

Keywords:
Supply of otolaryngologists
Healthcare management
Deficit of otolaryngologists
ENT training
Resumen

Varias circunstancias concurrentes han difundido mediáticamente la presunción de falta de especialistas en España, donde existe una de las más altas densidades de médicos por población del mundo: creación simultanea de puestos de trabajo en numerosos hospitales recién construidos; aceptación de contratos basura (por meses, medias/tercios de jornadas, guardias, etc.) en hospitales relevantes antes que ocupar plazas poco atractivas; dedicación exclusiva al ámbito sanitario público o al privado en lugar de compatibilizarlos; condiciones laborales del sector público (bajos salarios, excesiva presión existencial, falta de respeto de la población y de la administración sanitaria, guardias, escasa promoción profesional, difícil agrupamiento familiar, etc.); reducción de la movilidad por impermeabilización de los mercados por la descentralización sanitaria por comunidades autónomas.

En ORL no cabe hablar de déficit de especialistas, sino de desigualdades esporádicas en su distribución geográfica. Las plazas de MIR (Médico Interno Residente) ofertadas anualmente en el momento actual superan la demanda de especialistas de la sociedad española en una especialidad que se ha ido adaptando armoniosamente a los requerimientos del nuevo ejercicio de la medicina: gestión clínica, calidad asistencial, eficiencia basada en la tecnología y medicina basada en la evidencia. La modificación de las condiciones laborales mediante la flexibilización de los modelos de trabajo y la percepción de remuneraciones basadas en actividad y calidad evidenciarían que la fuerza laboral de ORL que se genera con la actual oferta puede asumir las demandas actuales y futuras.

La calidad de la formación especializada en ORL es el sustrato que debe mejorarse para que los futuros especialistas de ORL sigan asumiendo los retos sanitarios sin necesidad de aumentar injustificadamente su número.

Palabras clave:
Necesidades de otorrinolaringólogos
Gestión sanitaria
Déficit de otorrinolaringólogos
Formación en ORL

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