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Inicio Acta Otorrinolaringológica Española Acute mastoiditis in the pneumococcal vaccine era
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Vol. 62. Issue 1.
Pages 45-50 (January 2011)
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Vol. 62. Issue 1.
Pages 45-50 (January 2011)
Original article
Acute mastoiditis in the pneumococcal vaccine era
Mastoiditis aguda en la época de la vacuna antineumocócica
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Ana I. Navazo-Eguíaa,
Corresponding author
navazoeguia@telefonica.net

Corresponding author.
, David Conejo-Morenob, Gregorio De-La-Mata-Francob, Alicia Clemente-Garcíaa
a Servicio de Otorrinolaringología, Complejo Hospitalario de Burgos, Burgos, Spain
b Servicio de Pediatría, Complejo Hospitalario de Burgos, Burgos, Spain
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Abstract
Introduction and objectives

Acute mastoiditis is the most common complication of acute otitis media. Recent studies have noticed an increase in cases. The goal of this study was to review acute mastoiditis cases diagnosed in children younger than 14 years old.

Material and methods

A retrospective study of all patients under 14 years old admitted with a diagnosis of mastoiditis between 1996 and 2008 was performed. Epidemiological, laboratory and clinical variables were analysed.

Results

Sixty-one charts were reviewed. The mean age was 28 months; 55.7% of the patients were male. Most cases were in the autumn and winter; 79% occurred from 2002 to 2008. Most cases (82%) had antecedents of an upper airway catarrhal process and 60.7% had a clinical diagnosis of acute otitis media. Prior antibacterial agent therapy had been administered in 55.7% of the cases. Culture of middle ear effusions was performed in 48 patients, revealing Streptococcus pneumonia in 39.7%, Haemophilus influenzae in 2%, Staphylococcus aureus in 12.5% and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in 8.3%. Cultures were sterile in 18 patients (37.5%). Of the pneumococcal isolates, 26.2% were resistant to penicillin or third generation cephalosporins. Most cases (93.4%) responded well to antibacterial therapy alone or with myringotomy. There were complications in 7 patients (11.5%). Mastoid surgery was performed in 4 patients.

Conclusions

Acute mastoiditis shows a rising incidence in recent years. The most commonly isolated form is the pneumococcus, the high rates of antibiotic resistance in our study being notable. Treatments with antibiotics alone or in combination with myringotomy are effective in less severe forms.

Keywords:
Acute mastoiditis
Pneumococcal vaccine
Mastoidectomy
Resumen
Introducción y objetivos

La mastoiditis aguda (MA) es la complicación más frecuente de la otitis media aguda. Estudios recientes muestran un incremento de su incidencia en los últimos años. El objetivo de este estudio fue revisar los casos diagnosticados en nuestro hospital en menores de 14 años.

Material y métodos

Estudio retrospectivo de pacientes menores de 14 años ingresados por MA entre 1996 y 2008. Se analizaron diversas variables epidemiológicas, analíticas y clínicas. Resultados: Se revisaron 61 casos, 55,7% varones. La edad media fue de 28 meses. El 79% de los casos se presentaron después del año 2002, la mayoría en los meses de otoño e invierno, y con el antecedente de proceso catarral de vías altas. El 60,7% refería diagnóstico clínico previo de otitis media aguda, tratada en el 55,7% con antibiótico. Se realizó cultivo en 48 pacientes, aislándose en ellos: Streptococcus pneumoniae en el 39,7%, Haemophilus influenzae en el 2%, Staphylococcus aureus en el 12,5%, y Pseudomonas aeruginosa en el 8,3%. El cultivo fue estéril en 18 pacientes (37,5%). De los neumococos aislados, el 26,2% presentaron resistencia a penicilina o cefalosporinas. La mayoría (93,4%) de los pacientes fueron tratados con antibióticos solos o asociados a miringotomía, realizándose mastoidectomía en 4 casos. En 7 casos de mastoiditis se presentaron complicaciones (11,5%).

Conclusiones

La MA muestra una incidencia en aumento en los últimos años. El germen más frecuentemente aislado es el neumococo, destacando las altas tasas de resistencias antibióticas en nuestro estudio. Los tratamientos con antibióticos solos o asociados con miringotomía son efectivos en las formas menos severas.

Palabras clave:
Mastoiditis aguda
Vacuna antineumocócica
Mastoidectomía

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