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Acta Otorrinolaringológica Española Exercise-induced laryngeal obstruction (EILO) and factors modifying laryngeal fu...
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Vol. 77. Issue 5.
(September - October 2026)
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Vol. 77. Issue 5.
(September - October 2026)
Original article

Exercise-induced laryngeal obstruction (EILO) and factors modifying laryngeal function in the population of Polish athletes

Obstrucción laríngea inducida por el ejercicio (EILO) y factores que influyen en la función laríngea en una cohorte de atletas polacos
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Małgorzata Litwiniuk-Kosmalaa,b,
Corresponding author
mlitwiniuk@wum.edu.pl

Corresponding author at: Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Department, Medical University of Warsaw, 1a Banacha st., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland.
, Barbara Jamrózc, Aleksandra Piechutaa, Łukasz Milanowskid, Paul Armatowicze, Hubert Krysztofiaka,f
a National Centre for Sports Medicine, Poland
b Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Department, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
c Clinical Department of Otolaryngology, National Medical Institute of the Ministry of Interior and Administration, Warsaw, Poland
d Department of Neurology, Faculty of Health Science, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
e Department of General, Vascular, Endocrine and Transplant Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
f Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland
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Abstract
Objective

Exercise-induced laryngeal obstruction (EILO) is a common cause of breathing difficulties during physical exercise. This study examined the relationship between EILO diagnosis and factors influencing laryngeal function in the cohort of Polish athletes.

Material and Methods

We retrospectively analyzed data from 31 patients diagnosed with exertional dyspnea at the National Centre for Sports Medicine over a 2.5-year period. The analysis included results from spirometry, flexible videolaryngoscopy at rest, continuous laryngoscopy during exercise (CLE), assessment of laryngeal reflux using the reflux symptom index (RSI) and reflux finding score (RFS) scales, and palpation of neck muscle tension performed by an otolaryngologist.

Results

Out of the 31 athletes, 14 (45%) were diagnosed with EILO, 9 (29%) with asthma, and 1(7%) had both EILO and asthma. In 7 athletes, no specific respiratory conditions were diagnosed. While self-reported reflux symptoms (RSI) were similar between groups, RFS scores reflecting visible laryngeal changes were significantly higher in the non-EILO group (4.53 vs. 1.43). Neck muscle tension levels were similar across both groups.

Conclusion

The incidence of EILO among Polish athletes diagnosed with exertional dyspnea is consistent with findings in other countries. While laryngopharyngeal reflux disease is not directly correlated with EILO, patients with EILO may report relatively high scores on self-assessment reflux scales due to the similarity of symptoms. Furthermore, neck muscle tension levels were not correlated with EILO in our patient cohort.

Keywords:
Asthma
EILO
EIB
Laryngeal reflux
Dyspnea
List of Abbreviations:
EILO
ENT
CLE
RSI
RFS
LPR
FEV1
FVC
GERD
PCA
LAR
COPD
Resumen
Objetivo

La obstrucción laríngea inducida por el ejercicio (EILO) es un trastorno predominantemente inspiratorio, transitorio y dinámico que puede ocurrir a nivel glótico y/o supraglótico. El objetivo de este estudio retrospectivo fue examinar la relación entre el diagnóstico de EILO y diversos factores que influyen en la función laríngea en una cohorte de atletas polacos remitidos por disnea de esfuerzo, comparando las variables clínicas entre pacientes con y sin EILO.

Materiales y Métodos

Se analizaron los datos de 31 atletas, incluyendo espirometría, videolaringoscopia en reposo, laringoscopia continua durante el ejercicio (CLE), evaluación del reflujo laríngeo mediante las escalas de Índice de Síntomas de Reflujo (RSI) y Puntuación de Hallazgos de Reflujo (RFS), y la palpación de la tensión muscular cervical.

Resultados

De los 31 atletas, 14 (45%) fueron diagnosticados con EILO. Mientras que los síntomas de reflujo autoinformados (RSI) fueron similares en ambos grupos, las puntuaciones de la RFS, que reflejan cambios laríngeos visibles, fueron significativamente más altas en el grupo sin EILO (4,53 frente a 1,43). Los niveles de tensión muscular cervical fueron comparables en ambos grupos analizados.

Conclusión

La frecuencia de EILO en esta cohorte sintomática de atletas polacos es consistente con los hallazgos en otros países. La enfermedad por reflujo laringofaríngeo no se correlaciona directamente con la EILO; sin embargo, debido a la similitud de los síntomas, los pacientes pueden presentar puntuaciones altas en las escalas de autoevaluación. Además, los niveles elevados de tensión muscular cervical y los patrones respiratorios alterados no se asociaron específicamente con la EILO, lo que sugiere que pueden ser indicadores comunes de diversos trastornos respiratorios por esfuerzo.

Palabras clave:
Asma
EILO
EIB
Reflujo laríngeo
Disnea

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