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Acta Otorrinolaringológica Española Evaluating mepolizumab and dupilumab for severe chronic rhinosinusitis with nasa...
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Original article
Available online 10 March 2026

Evaluating mepolizumab and dupilumab for severe chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps: insights from a real-life study

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Laura Gálvez-Gafoa, Franklin Mariño-Sáncheza,
Corresponding author
, Laura Yeguas-Ramíreza, María Muñoz-Garcíab, Silvia Sánchez-Cuéllarc, Darío Antolín-Amérigod, David González-De-Olanod, Alfonso Santamaría-Gadeaa
a Rhinology and Skull Base Surgery Unit, ENT Department, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
b Pharmacy Department, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
c Neumology Department, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
d Allergology Department, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
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Abstract
Introduction

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been effective in managing chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) for over two decades, primarily as secondary treatments for severe asthma or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-exacerbated respiratory disease (N-ERD). Recent approvals of biologics like mepolizumab (anti-IL5) and dupilumab (anti-IL4/IL13) now allow their use as add-on therapies for severe CRSwNP, regardless of comorbidities. However, limited data exist on their efficacy as standalone primary treatments for CRSwNP. This rea-life study investigates the potential of biologic therapies as a primary treatment for CRSwNP, focusing on multiple clinical and patient-reported outcomes.

Materials and methods

This prospective real-life study included 25 patients with severe CRSwNP, treated with mepolizumab and dupilumab indicated specifically for CRSwNP rather than associated comorbidities. Evaluations occurred at baseline and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months post-treatment, using VAS, SNOT22, and NOSE questionnaires, nasal polyp size (NPS), Lund–Kennedy scores, and BOT-8 smell tests. We also collect the data of the blood eosinophils levels before and after the treatment. Adverse events were monitored.

Results

Patients (mean age 49; 75% male; 75% N-ERD) experienced significant improvements. By 12 months, VAS scores decreased from 8.5 to 2.1, SNOT22 from 61.3 to 11, and NOSE from 69.5 to 8. Other measures, including NPS and BOT-8, also improved substantially. Specific descriptive results for each drug are also presented separately. No adverse effects were reported.

Conclusions

Biologic therapy (mepolizumab and dupilumab) as a primary treatment for CRSwNP demonstrated significant efficacy, reducing the need for surgical interventions and signaling a shift toward non-surgical management.

Keywords:
Chronic rhinosinusitis
Nasal polyps
CRSwNP
Monoclonal therapy
Controlled asthma
Dupilumab
Mepolizumab
Resumen
Introducción

Los anticuerpos monoclonales (AAMM) han demostrado ser efectivos en el manejo de la rinosinusitis crónica con pólipos nasales (RSCcPN) durante más de dos décadas, principalmente como tratamientos secundarios en casos de asma grave o de enfermedad respiratoria exacerbada por antiinflamatorios no esteroideos (N-ERD). Las aprobaciones recientes de biológicos como mepolizumab (anti-IL5) y dupilumab (anti-IL4/IL13) permiten ahora su uso como terapias añadidas para la RSCcPN grave, independientemente de las comorbilidades. Sin embargo, existen datos limitados sobre su eficacia como tratamientos primarios en monoterapia para la CRSwNP. Este estudio en vida real investiga el potencial de las terapias biológicas como tratamiento primario de la CRSwNP, centrándose en múltiples resultados clínicos y en cuestionarios de pacientes.

Material y métodos

Este estudio prospectivo en vida real incluyó a 25 pacientes con RSCcPN grave, tratados con mepolizumab y dupilumab indicados específicamente para RSCcPN, y no por comorbilidades asociadas. Las evaluaciones se realizaron al inicio y a los 1, 3, 6 y 12 meses tras el tratamiento, utilizando las escalas visuales analógicas (EVA), SNOT-22 y NOSE, el tamaño de los pólipos nasales (NPS), la puntuación de Lund–Kennedy y las pruebas olfativas (BOT-8). También se recogieron los niveles de eosinófilos en sangre antes y después del tratamiento. Se monitorizaron los efectos adversos.

Resultados

Los pacientes (edad media 49 años; 75% varones; 75% con N-ERD) mostraron mejoras clínicas significativas. A los 12 meses, las puntuaciones EVA disminuyeron de 8,5 a 2,1; el SNOT-22 de 61,3 a 11; y el NOSE de 69,5 a 8. Otras mediciones, incluyendo el TPN y el BOT-8, también mejoraron de forma sustancial. Se presentan además resultados descriptivos específicos para cada fármaco de manera separada. No se observaron efectos adversos.

Conclusiones

La terapia biológica (mepolizumab y dupilumab) como tratamiento primario para la CRSwNP demostró una eficacia significativa, reduciendo la necesidad de intervenciones quirúrgicas y marcando una transición hacia un manejo no quirúrgico.

Palabras clave:
Rinosinusitis crónica
Pólipos nasales
RSCcPN
Terapia monoclonal
Asma grave
Dupilumab
Mepolizumab

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