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Vol. 54. Issue 5.
Pages 309-315 (May 2003)
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Vol. 54. Issue 5.
Pages 309-315 (May 2003)
Resultados de aplicar durante 1 año un protocolo universal de detección precoz de la hipoacusia en neonatos
Results of 1 year´s application of a universal protocol for the early detection of hearing loss in neonates
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R. Martínez, J.I. Benito1, Mª. A. Condado, D. Morais
Servicio De Orl. Hospital Universitario De Valladolid
J.L. Fernández calvo*
* Servicio De Pediatría. hospital universitario de valladolid
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Resumen

Presentamos los resultados del primer año de aplicación de un programa de detección precoz universal de la sordera neonatal. Nuestro objetivo es diagnosticar todas las hipoacusias "uni o bilaterales" superiores a 35 dB HL, antes de los 6 meses de edad. La estrategia de detección consta de 2 fases de cribado con otoemisiones acústicas transitorias (OEAT) y una fase de diagnóstico con potenciales evocados auditivos del tronco cerebral (PEATC). Los PEATC se realizaron tanto a los que no pasaban el cribado con OEAT como a los neonatos con factores de riesgo de hipoacusia. De los 1.277 recién nacidos (RN) vivos, hemos evaluado al 94%. Un 3,3% de RN presentaba factores de riesgo de hipoacusia. El 90% de RN "pasó" la 1ª OEAT en ambos oídos y tras la 2ª OEAT sólo se derivaron a la fase diagnóstica un 2,5% RN. Hemos detectado y tratado precozmente un 5,8 por mil hipoacusias severa-profundas bilaterales. Finalmente, se discuten los resultados obtenidos y la importancia de planificar el cribado auditivo universal.

Palabras clave:
Screening auditivo
Hipoacusia
Otoemisiones acústicas
Abstract

These are the results of the first year of the application of a universal programme for the early detection of neonatal deafness. Our objective is making a diagnosis of all the unilateral or bilateral cases of hearing loss above 35 dB HL, before the age of 6 months. The detection strategy has 2 screening phases with transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAE) and one diagnostic phase with auditory brain stem response (ABR). The ABR were carried out both on those patients that failed the TEOAE screening and on the neonates with hearing loss risk factors. Of the 1,277 living newborn babies (NB), we evaluated 94%. 3.3% of the NB showed hearing loss risk factors. 90% of the NB passed the first TEOAE in both ears and, after the second TEOAE, only 2.5% of the NB reached the diagnostic phase. We provided early detection and treatment of 0.58% of cases of bilateral severe-deep hearing loss. Finally, the results obtained are examined together with the importance of planning universal hearing screening.

Key words:
Hearing screening
Hearing loss
Otoacoustic emissions

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