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Vol. 56. Issue 5.
Pages 181-186 (May 2005)
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Vol. 56. Issue 5.
Pages 181-186 (May 2005)
Diagnóstico de presunción: Otomicosis. Estudio de 451 pacientes
Presumption diagnosis: otomycosis. A 451 patients study
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P. Hueso Gutiérrez1,*, S. Jiménez Álvarez2, E. Gil-Carcedo Sañudo1, L.M. Gil-Carcedo García1, C. Ramos Sánchez2, L.A. Vallejo Valdezate1
1 Servicio de ORLy PC.F Cátedra de ORLy PC. F
2 Servicio de Microbiología. Hospital Universitario Río Hortega. Valladolid
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Resumen

La otomicosis es una enfermedad frecuente. Pretendemos dilucidar distintos criterios de esta afección estudiándola en nuestro medio. Se incluyen 451 pacientes con diagnóstico de presunción: otomicosis. Proceden de consultas otorrinolaringológicas y de médicos de familia: sólo se confirma microbiológicamente el diagnóstico en un 24,43% y en un 16,16% respectivamente.

Los géneros fúngicos más abundantes son Aspergillus spp. y Candida spp. La frecuencia en la presencia de Aspergillus níger se relaciona con las distintas metodologías en la extracción de las muestras. La abundancia de Candida parapsilosis en muestras procedentes de médicos de familia se considera debida a la proliferación fúngica tras uso inadecuado de antibioterapia tópica.

Se concluye que los factores predisponentes para el desarrollo de la otomicosis pueden ser evitables o tratables. Se manifiesta que la utilización de antimicóticos no es suficiente para obtener la curación completa; el tratamiento ha de ir encaminado, además, a restaurar la fisiología del conducto auditivo externo.

Palabras clave:
Otomicosis
Diagnóstico
Microbiología
Epidemiología
Abstract

Otomycosis is a common disease. We try to analyze the causative factors for otomycosis in our environment. Our study includes 451 patients with a presumed diagnosis of otomycosis. The patients were included by ear, nose and throat specialist and general doctors; the diagnosis was confirmed in 24.43% and 16.16% respectively.

The most common fungal pathogen found was Aspergillus spp. and Candida sp. The high frecuency of Aspergillus Níger may be because of the diferent ways of gathering samples. The abundance of Candida parapsilosis in the samples that came from general doctors may be because the inadequate treatment with topic antibiotics contributes fungal proliferation. We conclude that the causative factors for otomycosis could be avoided or treated. Treatment with antifungal agents is not enought to ensure complete cure, an furthermore the treatment should be aimed to restore the physiology of the external auditory cannal.

Key words:
Otomycosis
Diagnosis
Microbiology
Epidemiology

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