Control en Estaciones Depuradoras de Aguas Residuales: Estado actual y perspectivas

Resumen

Este trabajo constituye la segunda parte de una revisión de la problemática del control de estaciones depuradoras de aguas residuales (EDAR) para el tratamiento de agua residual urbana. Después de haber presentado en la primera parte las perspectivas correspondientes al modelado y simulación, en esta segunda parte nos centramos en el control de las mismas. Esta depuración se realiza, mayoritariamente, mediante procesos biológicos, concretamente, mediante el denominado proceso de fangos activados. El hecho de tratar con un proceso biológico conlleva una elevada complejidad tanto desde el punto de vista de modelado como, por supuesto, de control. Se revisa el control de EDAR desde su perspectiva histórica, como de los lazos de control más usuales, problemáticas que presentan y algunas de las soluciones propuestas. Se realiza también una revisión de la aplicación de las diferentes técnicas de control catalogándolas de acuerdo a su filosofía. Para terminar se ofrece una visión de las tendencia actuales y perspectivas de desarrollos futuros.

Abstract

This tutorial is the second part of a review of the problems arising with the control and operation of wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) for urban wastewater. Having presented in the first part the modelling and simulation steps, in this second part we cover the control and operation issues. This treatment is carried out, mainly, by biological processes, specifically, by the so-called activated sludge process. Dealing with a biological process entails a high complexity both from the viewpoint of modelling and, of course, from what matters to control and operation. The control of WWTP is reviewed from an historical perspective, as well as the most common control loops, the problems that present and some of the proposed solutions. A review of the applications of different control techniques is also cataloged according to the philosophy of the control approach. Finally, it offers an overview of the current trends and future development prospects.

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