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Vol. 42. Núm. 4.
Páginas 201-211 (Julio 2007)
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Vol. 42. Núm. 4.
Páginas 201-211 (Julio 2007)
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La pérdida funcional al ingreso, principal variable explicativa de discapacidad y mortalidad al alta y al mes en ancianos hospitalizados
Functional decline on admission: the main independent variable associated with disability and mortality at discharge and 1 month later in the hospitalized elderly
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Pedro Abizanda Soler
Autor para correspondencia
pabizanda@sescam.jccm.es

Correspondencia: Dr. P. Abizanda Soler. Sección de Geriatría. Hospital Perpetuo Socorro. Seminario, 4. 02006 Albacete. España.
, Matilde León Ortiz, Luis Romero Rizos, Pedro Manuel Sánchez Jurado, Carmen Luengo Márquez, Laura Domínguez Martín, Vicente Lozano Berrio
Sección de Geriatría. Hospital Perpetuo Socorro. Albacete. España
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Bibliografía
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Resumen
Objetivo

La hospitalización por enfermedad aguda en ancianos provoca frecuentemente deterioro funcional y mortalidad. Es preciso, en nuestro medio, cuantificar la magnitud de esos eventos adversos e identificar cuáles son las variables explicativas de discapacidad y mortalidad asociadas a un ingreso hospitalario.

Material y métodos

Estudio de cohortes, longitudinal y prospectivo, sobre 376 pacientes consecutivos ingresados en una unidad geriátrica de agudos de un hospital docente terciario durante 6 meses. Variables independientes: edad, sexo, situación funcional previa, pérdida funcional al ingreso (PFi = Barthel previo – Barthel ingreso), estado cognitivo, depresión, confusión mental, diagnóstico principal, comorbilidad, número de fármacos y estancia hospitalaria. Variables dependientes: pérdida funcional al alta (PFa = Barthel previo – Barthel alta) y al mes (PFm = Barthel previo – Barthel mes) y mortalidad al alta y al mes.

Resultados

La PFi y la situación funcional previa fueron las variables explicativas de mortalidad o pérdida funcional al alta. La PFi, la edad y la demencia lo fueron de pérdida funcional o mortalidad al mes. La intensidad de la asociación dependió de la cantidad de PFi; la odds ratio varió entre 2,9 y 24,7.

Conclusiones

La pérdida de función al ingreso de ancianos hospitalizados es la principal variable explicativa de discapacidad y mortalidad al alta y al mes. La intensidad de asociación depende de la cantidad de función perdida al ingreso.

Palabras clave:
Pérdida funcional
Mortalidad
Anciano
Hospitalización
Valoración geriátrica
Abstract
Objective

Hospitalization for acute illness in the elderly is frequently associated with functional decline and mortality. In our setting, measurement of these adverse events and identification of the variables associated with disability and mortality following hospitalization due to an acute illness is required.

Material and methods

We performed a prospective longitudinal cohort study comprising 376 consecutive elderly patients admitted to an acute geriatric ward of a tertiary teaching hospital over a 6-month period. Independent variables were age, sex, previous functionality, admission functional decline (FDa = previous Barthel score – Barthel score on admission), cognitive status, depression, confusional status, main diagnosis, comorbidity, number of drugs, and length of hospital stay. Dependent variables were functional decline at discharge (FDd = previous Barthel score – Barthel score at discharge) and at 1 month (FDm = previous Barthel score – Barthel score at 1 month), and mortality at discharge and at 1 month.

Results

FDa and previous functionality were independently associated with functional decline or mortality at discharge. FDa, age and a diagnosis of dementia were associated with functional decline or mortality at 1 month. The magnitude of the association varied with different FDa, ranging from OR 2.9 to 24.7.

Conclusions

Functional decline on admission in elderly patients admitted to an acute geriatric ward is a strong independent variable associated with functional decline and mortality at discharge and at 1 month. The magnitude of the association varies with the severity of functional decline on admission.

Key words:
Functional decline
Mortality
Elderly
Hospitalization
Geriatric evaluation
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Este trabajo ha sido financiado mediante una ayuda de la Consejería de Sanidad de la Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha 2002, n.° de proyecto de investigación 02069-00.

Copyright © 2007. Sociedad Española de Geriatría y Gerontología
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