Información del artículo
La diabetes mellitus es una de las enfermedades con mayor impacto sociosanitario, no sólo por su alta prevalencia, sino también por sus complicaciones crónicas y su elevada tasa de mortalidad. La forma más exacta de estimar la prevalencia de DM es la práctica de un test de tolerancia oral a la glucosa. En España, la prevalencia de DM se estima en un 6,2% para grupos de edad 30-65 años, y en un 10% para 30-89 años. La proporción de DM conocida frente a la ignorada oscila entre 1/3 y 2/3 del total. Los factores de riesgo de DM más importantes son la edad, la obesidad y la historia familiar de DM. La incidencia de DM2 se estima en 8/1.000 habitantes año. La prevalencia de las distintas complicaciones crónicas varía en función del tipo de DM, tiempo de evolución y grado de control metabólico, estimándose globalmente en la siguiente: neuropatía 25%, retinopatía 32% y nefropatía 23%. La DM es una de las principales causas de mortalidad en España, ocupando el tercer lugar en mujeres y el séptimo en varones.
Palabras clave:
Diabetes
Diabetes mellitus tipo 2
Incidencia
Prevalencia
Mortalidad
España
Diabetes mellitus is one of the most important diseases, not only because its high prevalence but also by its chronical complications and its high mortality. The most exact method to investigate diabetes prevalence is the population based study by the oral glucose tolerance test. In Spain, the prevalence in the 30-65 year-old population is 6.5% and 10.3% in the 30-89 year-old population. The prevalence rates of known diabetes and unknown diabetes are 1/3 to 2/3. The DM2 incidence in Spain is 8/1,000 persons-year. The prevalence of the chronic complications of DM varies according to type of diabetes, evolution of the disease and degree of metabolic control: neuropathy 25%, retinopathy 32% and nephropathy 23%. Diabetes is one of the most important causes of mortality in Spain, being the 3rd in woman and the 7th in men.
Key words:
Diabetes
Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Incidence
Prevalence
Mortality
Spain
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