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Vol. 51. Núm. 3.
Páginas 95-102 (Marzo 2004)
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Vol. 51. Núm. 3.
Páginas 95-102 (Marzo 2004)
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Actividad de las aminopeptidasas séricas en un modelo animal de cáncer de mama inducido por N-metil-nitrosourea
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M.P. Carrera, M.J. Ramírez-Expósito, M.J. García-López, M.D. Mayas, J.M. Martínez-Martos*
Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud. Área de Fisiología. Universidad de Jaén. Jaén. España
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Los factores hormonales responsables de la proliferación del tejido mamario normal durante la pubertad y los cambios cíclicos del ciclo menstrual podrían estar implicados en la promoción, la progresión y la aparición del cáncer de mama en humanos. Se ha sugerido que las enzimas proteolíticas del tipo de las aminopeptidasas, cuyo papel fisiológico consiste en la regulación de diversos péptidos biológicamente activos, podrían participar en el desarrollo del cáncer de mama. La finalidad del presente trabajo es analizar la actividad de un amplio espectro de aminopeptidasas en el suero de ratas con tumores de mama inducidos por N-metil-nitrosourea (NMU), para evaluar su posible valor como marcadores biológicos de esta enfermedad. La inducción de tumores con NMU mostró una incidencia tumoral del 60%, con un período de latencia medio de 113 días y un número medio de tumores por rata de 1,93. Las actividades específicas de aminopeptidasa N (APN) aminopeptidasa B (APB) aminopeptidasa A (APA) (aspartato aminopeptidasa [AspAP] y glutamato aminopeptidasa [AspAP], oxitocinasa y pirrolidón carboxipeptidasa se analizaron fluorimétricamente utilizando como sustrato las correspondientes aminoacil-β-naftilamidas. Los animales con cáncer de mama inducido por NMU mostraron incrementos significativos en los valores séricos de APB (32%; p < 0,05)GluAP (54%; p < 0,05) yoxitocinasa (45%; p < 0,05), mientras que los valores de pirrolidón carboxipeptidasa estaban disminuidos (28%; p < 0,05). Estos cambios pueden reflejar alteraciones en el metabolismo de las angiotensinas, la oxitocina y la hormona liberadora de gonadotropinas, que pueden ser, al menos en parte, responsables del inicio y/o desarrollo de la enfermedad.

The hormonal factors responsible for the proliferation of normal breast tissue in puberty and the cyclical changes of the menstrual cycle are also involved in the promotion and progression of breast cancer in humans. It has been suggested that proteolytic enzymes of the aminopeptidase class, whose physiological role consists of the regulation of various biologically active peptides, could contribute to the development of breast cancer. The aim of the present study was to analyze the activity of a broad spectrum of aminopeptidases in the serum of rats with N-methyl-nitrosourea (NMU)-induced breast tumors to evaluate their possible role as biological markers of this disease. Tumor induction with NMU showed an incidence of 60% with a latency period of 113 days and a mean number of tumors per rat of 1.93. The specific activities of aminopeptidase N (APN), aminopeptidase B (APB), aminopeptidase A (AspAP and GluAP), oxytocinase and pyrrolidone carboxypeptidase (Pcp) were analyzed fluorometrically using the corresponding aminoacylnapthylamides as substrate. Animals with NMU-induced breast tumors showed significant increases in levels of serum APB (32%; P < 0.01), GluAP (54%; P < 0.05) and oxytocinase (45%; P < 0.05), while Pcp levels were reduced (28%; P < 0.05). These changes could reflect alterations in the metabolism of angiotensins, oxytocinase, and gonadotrophin-releasing hormone, which could, at least in part, be responsible for the initiation and/or development of the disease.

Palabras clave:
Aminopeptidasa A
Aminopeptidasa B
Aminopeptidasa N
Oxitocinasa
Pirrolidón carboxipeptidasa
N-metil-nitrosourea
Cáncer de mama
Rata
Suero
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