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Risk factors for x-ray pneumonia in the first year of life and its relation to wheezing: a longitudinal study in a socioeconomic disadvantaged population

Castro-Rodriguez, JA; Mallol, J; Rodriguez, J; Auger, F; Andrade, R

Published in Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 2008;36:3-8. - vol.36 núm 01

English: [ Full text | PDF ]

Introduction

INTRODUCTION Acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) is one of the most common causes of morbidities and death among children¹. Rates of pneumonia vary with age and are higher in children less than 2 years old compared with older children^2,3 and especially among the first six months of age⁴. Serious ALRI is more common and carries a higher mortality rate in children from developing populations than those in developed communities, e.g. specific mortality due to ALRI is 10 to 50 times higher in developing countries than in fully developed countries^1,2,5-7. Cross sectional studies have identified several risk factors that increase the likelihood and severity of ALRI such as younger children^5,7, measles, malnutrition⁸, large families^7,9 and environmental pollution^10,11. Data obtained from community-based longitudinal studies have identified that male gender, low socio-economic status, mother with limited years of school, exposure to indoor air pollution, low birth weight, immunization status, not exclusively breastfeeding, attendance in child-care facility, having one or more siblings and crowding as additional risk factors for ALRI^3,12,13. Unfortunately, most community-based longitudinal studies have not focused on respiratory events occurring during the first year of life, when most of the morbidity and mortality due to ALRI occurs^3,12,13. Although thousands of infants under the age of 12 months die each year from pneumonia in Latin America^1,14, little is known regarding the true occurrence of pneumonia, wheezing and other related respiratory illnesses in this age group¹³. A recent report from Chile found a high prevalence of wheezing (80.3 %)...

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Castro-Rodriguez, JA^a; Mallol, J^b; Rodriguez, J^c; Auger, F^b; Andrade, R^b

^aSchool of Medicine. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine. Hospital CRS El Pino. University of Santiago de Chile.

^bDepartment of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine. Hospital CRS El Pino. University of Santiago de Chile.

^cSchool of Public Health. University of Chile. Santiago. Chile.