Aging and asthma – changes in CD45RA, CD29 and CD95 T cells subsets
Published in Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 2012;40:14-9. - vol.40 núm 01
Abstract
Background
Aging is associated with thymus involution leading to a reduction in naive T cells and to an accumulation of effector-memory cells. Apoptosis is a key mechanism to clear the immune system from activated and harmful cells. In asthma the stimulation of T cells by environmental antigens can decrease naive cells and sustain activated cells. The aim of this work was to evaluate the imbalance between CD45RA and CD29 cells during the aging process and their changes in elderly asthma and to evaluate how elderly and chronic diseases like asthma can affect susceptibility to apoptosis.
Methods
Elderly and young adult healthy volunteers and elderly asthmatic patients were submitted to skin prick tests, immunoglobulin determination and flow cytometry analyses of CD3, CD4, CD8, CD45RA, CD29, and CD95.
Results
Serum IgE was increased in allergic patients (p=0.0001). Asthmatics presented an increase in CD4 cells (p<0.05). CD45RA was significantly decreased in elderly individuals (p<0.05) and this decrease was higher in asthmatics (p<0.05). CD29 was increased in elderly healthy individuals compared to the control young group (p=0.0001). A negative correlation between CD29 and CD45RA (p<0.05) was observed. CD95 lymphocytes increased in elderly (p=0.0001) and a positive correlation between age and CD95 (p<0.05) was found. Asthmatic patients showed significant decreases in CD95 (p=0. 0001).
Conclusions
Naive cells are key cells in the defence against infections and their decrease in the elderly and in asthma is a bad prognosis factor. The reduction of apoptosis markers can promote the persistence of activated cells involved in chronic conditions.
Key words: Asthma. Elderly. Allergy. T cell. CD45RA. CD29. CD95.
Introduction
Introduction
Thymopoiesis provides the immune system with T cells with a naive phenotype (CD45RA, CD62L CD27, CD28) and although this procedure suffers a reduction during the growth process it can persist during adulthood.1, 2 Antigen exposure determines the expression of new surface molecules and confers proliferative properties to cells transforming them into effector and memory cells. Repeated stimulation with identical antigenic proteins elicits responses of cross-reactivity increasing the survival of memory T lymphocytes (TL) and the expansion of these cell lines, while limiting the expansion of naive cell lines.3
The most profound age related changes described within T cell populations are the decrease in the number of naive cells and the accumulation of sensitised cells. Moreover, a further decrease of this lymphocyte population can be observed when the exposure to new pathogens induces the replacement of old memories for new ones.3 The decrease of naive T lymphocytes contributes to the impoverishment of lymphocyte repertoires with defective responses to new antigens.4, 5 However, a substantial naive T-cell pool is maintained even in centenarian individuals and some data suggest that their relative and absolute values may remain virtually unchanged after 40years of life. Extrathymic differentiation of TL can become prevalent in the elderly.6 Immunohistological studies showed a reduction in the number of CD45RA naive lymphocytes in lymph nodes associated to aging.7
The CD29 is the β1 subunit of the integrin family from adhesion receptors that is expressed when a cell enters the G1 phase of the cell cycle. This molecule is often present in memory...
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Todo-Bom, A.a; Mota-Pinto, A.b; Alves, V.c; Santos-Rosa, M.d
aImmunoAllergology Department, Coimbra University Hospital, General Pathology Institute, Faculty of Medicine - University of Coimbra, 3004-504 – Coimbra, Portugal
bGeneral Pathology Institute, Faculty of Medicine - University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
cInvestigator, Immunology Institute, Faculty of Medicine - University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
dImmunology Institute, Faculty of Medicine - University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
