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Vol. 19. Issue 1.
Pages 8-11 (January - June 2018)
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Vol. 19. Issue 1.
Pages 8-11 (January - June 2018)
Original article
Can primary care nurses contribute to the reduction of pain when vaccinating?
¿Pueden los enfermeros de Atención Primaria contribuir en la disminución del dolor al vacunar?
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M. Ávila Carrascoa,
Corresponding author
mariaavilacar@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, L. Carbonell Muñoza, A. Gómez Merinoa, M. Méndez Perrucab, M.J. Rodríguez Besadab
a Centro de Salud Parque Coimbra, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
b Centro de Salud Dos de Mayo, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
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Tables (2)
Table 1. Association between time dedicated to caring for the paediatric population and the recommendation of breast-feeding during vaccination.
Table 2. Association between place of work and the recommendation of breast-feeding during vaccination.
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Abstract
Introduction

Vaccination is a painful procedure frequently carried out in primary health centres. Lack of knowledge of the analgesic techniques have led to pain in the administering of vaccination. In 2015 AEP published their most recent recommendations which include breast feeding while vaccinating, holding the child while vaccinating and explanation of proper administration techniques. The aim of the study for the nurses is to determine the use of pain relief techniques while vaccinating.

Methods

A cross descriptive study to be carried out with nurses currently working in primary health centres with children and teenagers. This data has been obtained by using a survey designed by the investigation group. The variables studied were sociodemographic and related to work and knowledge of these techniques. A descriptive and bivariate analysis of the qualitative variables has been carried out. For the quantitative ones, the media and standard variation were used.

Results

75.4% work at urban health centres. 62.3% care exclusively for the paediatric population. 93.4% know that breast feeding diminishes the pain, 41% facilitate it. 32.8% vaccinates with the child being held in their arms. 13.1% choose the part of the body to administer the vaccination depending on the age of the child. 77% aspirate.

We found statistically significant differences between variables.

Conclusion

Most of the nurses know about pain relief techniques, nevertheless most of them do not apply them. These are easy and effective techniques which we should apply in our common practice. For this reason it is worth making an effort to disseminate the findings of this study.

Keywords:
Vaccination
Pain
Nurses
Analgesia
Infant
Immunization
Resumen
Introducción

La vacunación es un procedimiento doloroso frecuentemente realizado en Atención Primaria. El desconocimiento de técnicas analgésicas y las concepciones erróneas sobre la percepción del dolor en lactantes nos han llevado hacia una rutina en la que se desatiende el dolor al vacunar. La Asociación Española de Pediatría publicó en 2015 las últimas recomendaciones: amamantamiento, vacunar en brazos, técnica de administración adecuada, etc. El objetivo del estudio es determinar el conocimiento y las actitudes de los enfermeros en técnicas de alivio del dolor al vacunar.

Métodos

Estudio descriptivo transversal, realizado entre los enfermeros que atienden a niños/adolescentes en centros de salud del suroeste de Madrid. La obtención de datos se ha llevado a cabo a través de la recogida de una encuesta diseñada por el grupo de investigación. Variables estudiadas: sociodemográficas y relacionadas con la práctica y el conocimiento de los profesionales sobre estas técnicas. Análisis descriptivo y bivariado de variables cualitativas. Se utilizaron la media y la desviación estándar para las cuantitativas.

Resultados

El 75,4% trabaja en centro de salud urbano. El 62,3% atiende exclusivamente a población pediátrica. Un 93,4% sabe que el amamantamiento alivia el dolor. El 41% lo facilita y el 32,8% vacuna en brazos. El 13,1% elige la zona de administración dependiendo del desarrollo del niño. El 77% aspira. Encontramos diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre las variables.

Conclusiones

La mayoría de los enfermeros conocen las técnicas de alivio del dolor, aunque muchos no las aplican. Son técnicas fáciles y eficaces que deberíamos difundir y utilizar en nuestra práctica habitual.

Palabras clave:
Vacunación
Dolor
Enfermería
Analgesia
Lactante
Inmunización

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