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Vol. 23. Issue 1.
Pages 39-47 (January - June 2018)
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Vol. 23. Issue 1.
Pages 39-47 (January - June 2018)
Original
Understanding the Connections between Self-perceptions and Future Expectations: A Study with Spanish and Portuguese Early Adolescents
Las relaciones entre autopercepciones y expectativas futuras: un estudio con preadolescentes españoles y portugueses
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Laura Verdugoa,
Corresponding author
laura.verdugo@uca.es

Corresponding author.
, Teresa Freireb, Yolanda Sánchez-Sandovala
a Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación, Universidad de Cádiz, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
b School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
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Figures (2)
Tables (8)
Table 1. Distribution of sociodemographic variables
Table 2. Descriptive statistics and correlations between measures of the study
Table 3. Results in the study variables according sex and nationality (Mann–Whitney U contrast test)
Table 4. Summary of the regression analysis of variables predicting global future expectations and subscales
Table 5. Setting indicators of the measurement models
Table 6. Model correlation matrix for measured and latent variables (Spain variables and Portugal)
Table 7. Standardized solution of the model (Spain)
Table 8. Standardized solution of the model (Portugal)
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Abstract

This paper studies the relationships between Spanish and Portuguese adolescents’ positive self-perceptions (self-esteem, life satisfaction, and self-efficacy) and future expectations. The sample includes 534 adolescents, aged 12–16 (M=12.54, SD=.77). Despite the economic instability in southern European countries, adolescents from this study showed positive self-perceptions and high future expectations, with some significant differences related to sex and nationality. Regression analyses show the predictive capacity of self-perceptions for future expectations. Besides, the structural equations models confirm that there is a positive causal effect of self-perceptions on the future expectations of the Spanish and Portuguese adolescents. The main implication of this research is to strengthen the self-confidence of the younger generation during adolescence. This will have a great impact on the development of career goals and the perceived likelihood of realizing one's goals in the future. This issue is essential to keep qualified adolescents in their own countries.

Keywords:
Future expectations
Self-esteem
Life satisfaction
Self-efficacy
Countries comparisons
Resumen

Este trabajo estudia la relación entre las autopercepciones (autoestima, satisfacción vital y autoeficacia) y las expectativas de futuro de adolescentes españoles y portugueses. La muestra incluye 534 adolescentes, con edades comprendidas entre los 12 y 16 años (M=12.54, DT=.77). A pesar de la inestabilidad económica de los países del sur de Europa, los adolescentes de este estudio manifiestan autopercepciones positivas y altas expectativas de futuro, con algunas diferencias significativas con respecto al sexo y la nacionalidad. El análisis de regresión muestra la capacidad predictiva de las autopercepciones sobre las expectativas de futuro. Además, los modelos de ecuaciones estructurales confirman el efecto causal positivo de las autopercepciones sobre las expectativas futuras de los adolescentes españoles y portugueses. La implicación principal de esta investigación es fortalecer la autoconfianza de las nuevas generaciones durante la adolescencia. Esto tendrá un gran impacto sobre el desarrollo de objetivos profesionales y la probabilidad percibida para cumplir los objetivos en el futuro. Esta cuestión es esencial para mantener a los adolescentes cualificados en sus propios países.

Palabras clave:
Expectativas de futuro
Autoestima
Satisfacción vital
Autoeficacia
Comparaciones de países

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