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Original Investigation
Juvenile localized scleroderma: Is it a benign disease?
Esclerodermia localizada juvenil: ¿es una enfermedad benigna?
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Christine Arangoa,
Corresponding author
arango391@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, Clara Malagóna, María del Pilar Gómezb, Catalina Mosqueraa, Ricardo Yépezb, Tatiana Gonzálezc, Camilo Vargasd
a Programa de Especialización en Reumatología Pediátrica, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
b Departamento de Pediatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Libre, Cali, Colombia
c Departamento de Pediatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
d Departamento de Pediatría, Facultad de la Salud, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
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Received 16 December 2016. Accepted 20 February 2017
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Tables (4)
Table 1. Phenotypes of localized scleroderma according to the PRes classification.
Table 2. Extra-cutaneous involvement according to the types and subtypes of scleroderma.
Table 3. Presence of polyautoimmunity according to the types and subtypes of scleroderma.
Table 4. Comparative chart between different pediatric series of localized scleroderma.
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Abstract
Introduction

Juvenile localized scleroderma is a polymorphic disease. It is more prevalent in girls and has a significant morbidity. Extra-cutaneous involvement is common, and polyautoimmunity can reach 7%. The clinical characteristics of this disease in Colombian patients are currently unknown.

Objective

To describe the clinical characteristics, morbidity and outcomes in patients with juvenile localized scleroderma in different pediatric rheumatology clinics in Colombia.

Materials and methods

A descriptive, retrospective, and multicentre study was conducted on patients with juvenile localized scleroderma with a minimum of 1 year of disease onset, and 6 months of follow-up in 10 pediatric rheumatology clinics.

Results

The study included 88 patients, with a gender distribution of female 2.1: male 1. Mean age at disease onset was 7.1 years (0–14). Mean disease duration at diagnosis was 16.5 months (1–96). Sub-type distribution was, circumscribed (32.9%), mixed (31.8%), and linear (21.5%), that increased to 55% if linear lesions of the mixed subtype are included), generalized (11.4%), and pan-sclerotic morphea (2.3%). Esthetic compromise was detected in 91%, with growth disturbances in 41%, and joint functional compromise in 32%. Extra-cutaneous involvement occurred in 22.7% and polyautoimmunity in 12.5%.

Conclusions

Juvenile localized scleroderma is a polymorphic and unpredictable disease. It diagnosed late in most of the cases. Extra-cutaneous involvement suggests that is not a disease limited to skin. An early diagnosis, a dynamic treatment and a close follow-up helps to prevent, and detect, complications arising from the disease.

Keywords:
Localized scleroderma
Morphea
Circumscribed scleroderma
Resumen
Introducción

La esclerodermia localizada juvenil es una enfermedad polimórfica que ocurre con mayor frecuencia en niñas. Se acompaña de morbilidad importante. El compromiso extradérmico es frecuente y se reportan tasas de poliautoinmunidad de hasta 7%. Al momento, se desconocen las características clínicas de los pacientes colombianos con esta enfermedad.

Objetivo

Describir las características clínicas, morbilidades y secuelas en pacientes con diagnóstico de esclerodermia localizada juvenil, en múltiples centros de reumatología pediátrica en Colombia.

Materiales y métodos

Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo y multicéntrico. Pacientes con diagnóstico de esclerodermia localizada juvenil con un mínimo de 1 año de evolución y 6 meses de seguimiento, en 10 centros de reumatología pediátrica mediante revisión de historias clínicas.

Resultados

El n=88. La distribución por género fue: femenino 2,1; masculino 1. Edad promedio al inicio de la enfermedad 7,1 años (0-14). Promedio de duración de la enfermedad al diagnóstico 16,5 meses (1-96). La distribución por subtipos fue morfea circunscrita (32,9%), mixta (31,8%), linear (21,5%, asciende a 55% al incluir formas mixtas con lesiones lineares) generalizada (11,4%) y panesclerótica (2,3%). Se detectaron alteraciones estéticas en el 91%, alteraciones del crecimiento en 41% y compromiso funcional de articulaciones vecinas en 32%. Se presentó compromiso extradérmico en 22,7% y poliautoinmunidad en 12,5%.

Conclusiones

La esclerodermia localizada juvenil es una enfermedad polimórfica e impredecible. En la mayoría de los casos el diagnóstico es tardío. La tasa de compromiso extradérmico sugiere que no es una enfermedad limitada a la piel. Un diagnóstico temprano, tratamiento dinámico y seguimiento cercano permiten prevenir y detectar tempranamente complicaciones derivadas de la enfermedad.

Palabras clave:
Esclerodermia localizada
Morfea
Esclerodermia circunscrita

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