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Original Investigation
Low bone mass and osteoporosis in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
Baja masa ósea y osteoporosis en pacientes con lupus eritematoso sistémico
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Carlos Jaime Velásquez Francoa,b,c, María Paulina Zuluaga Henaob, Felipe Lozano Pinedab, Santiago Pulgarín Montoyab, Esteban Onésimo Vallejob, Libia María Rodríguez Padillab,c, Aura Ligia Zapata-Castellanosb,c,d, Miguel Antonio Mesa Navasa,c,
Corresponding author
miguel71369450@hotmail.com

Corresponding author.
a Servicio de Reumatología, Clínica Universitaria Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia
b Facultad de Medicina, Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia
c Grupo UNIR, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia
d Servicio de Reumatología pediátrica, Clínica Universitaria Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia
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Received 15 August 2016. Accepted 18 November 2016
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Table 1. Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with SLE.
Table 2. Clinical complications associated with alterations in bone mass in patients with SLE.
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Abstract
Introduction

Systemic lupus erythematosus is a chronic, autoimmune, multisystem disease of unknown aetiology, and in which the frequency of alterations in bone mineral density varies between 25% and 74%, although its diagnosis is not standardized.

Objective

To describe the densitometric changes in systemic lupus erythematosus patients, as well as the clinical and demographic characteristics from two reference centres north-western Colombia.

Materials and methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted between January 2013 and December 2014. The data collected included the demographic variables, menopausal status, use of tobacco and alcohol, autoantibodies, organ involvement, medications, as well as the activity and chronicity indices (SLEDAI, SLICC). Densitometric changes were defined according to World Health Organization criteria.

Statistical analyses

Absolute and relative frequencies were calculated for qualitative variables, and medians with interquartile range (IQR) for quantitative variables.

Results

Of the total 302 patients evaluated, 65 met eligibility criteria. Thirty-one percent of premenopausal patients had low bone mass for age was observed in 31% of pre-menopausal women, with 50% of post-menopausal women showing osteoporosis, and 27% low bone mass. The number of patients with densitometric alterations according to associated factors was, fractures 4, alcohol consumption 2, active smokers 3, anti-Ro antibodies 8, neurological involvement 7, and chronic renal failure 4. Prednisone was used in 53.8%, with a median daily dose of 10mg (IQR 5–52). The median SLEDAI and SLICC was 0 (IQR=0–4) and 0.5 (IQR=0–1.75), respectively.

Conclusions

Few bone densitometry results were found in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. The frequency of mineral bone disorders was independent of menopausal status. The median dose of prednisone was high in subjects in remission, and without organ damage.

Keywords:
Lupus erythematosus systemic
Densitometry
Bone density
Osteoporosis
Resumen
Introducción

El lupus eritematoso sistémico es una enfermedad autoinmune, multisistémica y crónica, de etiología desconocida, en la cual la frecuencia de alteraciones en la densidad mineral ósea varía entre 25-74%; si bien su diagnóstico no está estandarizado.

Objetivo

Describir las alteraciones densitométricas en pacientes con lupus eritematoso sistémico, así como las características clínicas y demográficas en 2 centros de referencia del noroccidente colombiano.

Materiales y métodos

Estudio transversal realizado entre enero de 2013 y diciembre de 2014. Variables incluidas: demográficas, estado de menopausia, consumo de tabaco y alcohol, autoanticuerpos, compromiso orgánico, medicamentos e índices de actividad y cronicidad (SLEDAI, SLICC). Alteraciones densitométricas definidas según la Organización Mundial de la Salud.

Análisis estadístico

Frecuencias absolutas y relativas para variables cualitativas; mediana con rango intercuartílico (RIQ) para variables cuantitativas.

Resultados

De 302 pacientes evaluados, 65 cumplieron criterios de elegibilidad. Treinta y uno por ciento de las pacientes premenopáusicas tenían baja masa ósea para la edad; un 50% de las mujeres posmenopáusicas tenían osteoporosis y un 27% baja masa ósea. Número de pacientes con alteraciones densitométricas según factores asociados: fracturas 4, consumo de alcohol 2, fumadores activos 3, anticuerpos anti-Ro 8, afección neurológica 7, falla renal crónica 4. Uso de prednisolona: 53,8%; mediana de dosis diaria: 10mg (RIQ 5-52). Medianas de SLEDAI y SLICC: 0 (RIQ=0-4) y 0,5 (RIQ=0-1,75), respectivamente.

Conclusiones

Se encontraron pocas densitometrías óseas en pacientes con lupus; la frecuencia de las alteraciones minerales óseas fue independiente del estado de menopausia. La mediana de dosis de prednisolona fue alta, en sujetos en remisión y sin daño orgánico.

Palabras clave:
Lupus eritematoso sistémico
Densitometría
Densidad ósea
Osteoporosis

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