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Inicio Revista Científica de la Sociedad Española de Enfermería Neurológica (Englis... Clinical trial on the effectiveness of the application of lidocaine and prilocai...
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Vol. 45.
Pages 17-23 (January - June 2017)
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Vol. 45.
Pages 17-23 (January - June 2017)
Special article
Clinical trial on the effectiveness of the application of lidocaine and prilocaine cream (EMLA) prior to lumbar puncture versus placebo to reduce pain in adults
Ensayo clínico sobre la efectividad de la aplicación de crema de lidocaína y prilocaína (EMLA®) previo a la punción lumbar frente a placebo para reducir el dolor en adultos
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Jose Luis González Saura
Corresponding author
joluct@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, Javier Rodríguez Tello, Ana María Serna Martínez, Silvia Rodríguez Carvajal, Silvia Roldan Prieto, Susana Omar Vila, Antonio González Pérez, Joaquín Moya Navarro, Álvaro Tortosa Palma, Francisco Tomás Vidal Ros
Unidad de Hospitalización de Neurología, Hospital Santa Lucía, Cartagena, Murcia, Spain
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Tables (3)
Table 1. Comparison of baseline data of patients from intervention (EMLA®) and control groups (placebo).
Table 2. Comparison of quantitative variables among intervention and control groups.
Table 3. Comparison of variables according to gender.
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Abstract
Introduction

Several studies provide evidence on the effectiveness of the application of EMLA cream in reducing pain in lumbar puncture in infants. However, as there are very few studies in adults, is quite scarce, it cannot be determined that its use is also effective in adults.

Objective

To determine if the application of the EMLA anaesthetic cream reduces the pain compared to the application of placebo when performing lumbar punctures in an adult population.

Material and method

A clinical trial was conducted with 22 patients using lidocaine-procaine cream (EMLA) versus placebo (moisturising cream). Eleven subjects were assigned to each group, randomising the first patient and alternately distributing the others into both groups.

Results

The median in level of pain of both groups 60min before puncture, was 1 with an interquartile range of 2, according to a visual analogue scale (VAS). In both cases there was mild pain (less than 4). During puncture, both groups reported moderate pain (EMLA: 6.54±2 vs. Placebo: 5.46±2.09) p=0.464. One hour after the technique, both groups had a median in level of pain of 1, with an interquartile range of 2, p=0.317. No significant within or between group differences were detected in the level of pain or other variables, such as systolic blood pressure and heart rate, 1 hour before and during puncture.

Conclusions

There were no significant differences in the patients who were treated with EMLA and patients treated with placebo, compared to the studies reviewed previously. More studies need to be carried out with larger patient sample, and to take into account other variables, such as anxiety level, skin thickness, and time of exposure to the product.

Keywords:
Lumbar puncture
Lidocaine
Local anaesthetics
Resumen
Introducción

Varios artículos aportan evidencia sobre la efectividad de la aplicación de la crema anestésica EMLA® en la reducción del dolor en la punción lumbar en lactantes y niños. Sin embargo, la escasez de estudios en adultos no permite demostrar la efectividad del uso de EMLA en esta población.

Objetivo

Comprobar si la aplicación de la crema anestésica EMLA® reduce el dolor frente a la aplicación de placebo, al realizar punciones lumbares en población adulta.

Material y método

Ensayo clínico con 22 pacientes utilizando crema de lidocaína-procaína (EMLA®) frente a un placebo (crema hidratante). Se asignaron 11 sujetos a cada grupo, aleatorizando al primer paciente y distribuyendo de forma alterna, en ambos grupos, a los demás.

Resultados

La mediana del nivel de dolor en ambos grupos, 60minutos antes de la punción, fue de 1, con un rango intercuartílico de 2 según la Escala visual analógica. En ambos casos dolor leve (menor a 4). Durante la punción ambos grupos refirieron dolor moderado (EMLA: 6,54±2 vs. placebo: 5,46±2,09) p=0,464. Una hora después de la técnica ambos grupos presentaron una mediana del nivel de dolor de 1, con un rango intercuartílico de 2; p=0,317. No se detectaron diferencias significativas inter e intragrupos en el nivel del dolor, ni en otras variables como la tensión arterial sistólica y la frecuencia cardiaca una hora antes y durante la punción.

Conclusiones

No existen diferencias significativas en los pacientes que fueron tratados con EMLA y los pacientes tratados con placebo, frente a los estudios revisados anteriormente. Es necesario realizar más estudios con una muestra mayor de pacientes y que tengan en cuenta otras variables como nivel de ansiedad, grosor de la piel y tiempo de exposición al producto.

Palabras clave:
Punción lumbar
Lidocaína
Anestésico local

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