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Vol. 44. Issue 2.
Pages 69-74 (January 2002)
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Vol. 44. Issue 2.
Pages 69-74 (January 2002)
Síndrome MELAS: hallazgos neurorradiológicos*
Melas syndrome: neuroradiological findings
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Antonio Canoa,, Ana Isabel Romeroa, Francisco Bravoa, José María Vidaa, Simona Espejoa
a Servicio de Radiología. Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía. Córdoba.
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Abstract
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Objetivo

Valorar los hallazgos en tomografía computarizada (TC)y resonancia magnética (RM) del síndrome MELAS (MitochondrialEncephalomyopathy, Lactic Acidosis, and Stroke-like episodes) y suaportación al diagnóstico de esta entidad.

Sujetos de estudio

Presentamos tres pacientes diagnosticados deMELAS confirmados mediante biopsia muscular. A todos los pacien-tes se les realizó TC y RM evolutivas durante un periodo entre de seismeses y tres años.

Resultados

En la TC se detectaron hallazgos patológicos en dospacientes, en uno se observaron calcificaciones bilaterales en los nú-cleos de la base y el otro presentaba lesiones de baja atenuación en loslóbulos occipitales. En todos los pacientes se encontraron en la RMinicial o evolutiva hallazgos patológicos muy sugestivos de MELAS,consistentes en lesiones hiperintensas en imágenes potenciadas en T2,localizadas predominantemente en la cortical de los lóbulos occipitalesy parietales. En dos pacientes se visualizó también atrofia cerebelosa.Las manifestaciones clínicas fueron variadas, destacando las crisis epilépticas, cefaleas, vómitos, ataxia, debilidad muscular y piramidalismo. Sólo uno de los pacientes presentó niveles elevados de ácido láctico y en dos pacientes la primera biopsia muscular practicada no fueconcluyente para realizar un diagnóstico definitive

Conclusión

La TC y sobretodo la RM son determinantes para esta-blecer el diagnóstico de esta entidad, en particular en aquellos casosdonde la negatividad inicial de los datos de laboratorio e histológicospuede dificultar el diagnóstico.

Palabras clave:
Síndrome MELAS
Encefalopatías mitocondriales
Enfermedad degenerativa
Resonancia magnética
Tomografía computarizada
Objective

To assess the computed tomography (CT) and magneticresonance (MR) findings in MELAS syndrome (mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis and strokelike episodes) and their contribution to the diagnosis of this entity.

Study subjects

We present three patients in which a diagnosis ofMELAS syndrome was confirmed by muscle biopsy.

Results

CT revealed pathological findings in two patients: bilateralcalcifications in the basal nuclei in one and low-attenuation lesions inoccipital lobes in the other. Initial or follow-up MR demonstrated pathological findings highly suggestive of MELAS syndrome in all thepatients. They consisted of hyperintense lesions in T2-weighted images, located predominantly in the cortex of occipital and parietal lobes.Cerebellar atrophy was also observed in two patients. The clinicalsigns varied, but epileptic seizures, headache, vomiting, ataxia, muscleweakness and pyramidal involvement were among the major ones.Only one patient presented high lactic acid levels, and in two, the ini-tial muscle biopsy was not conclusive enough to provide the definitivediagnosis.

Conclusion

CT and, especially, MR are useful tools in the diagnosis of MELAS syndrome, particularly in those cases in which initialnegative laboratory and histological results make diagnosis difficult.

Key words:
MELAS syndrome
Mitochondrial encephalopathies
Degenerative disease
Magnetic resonance imaging
Computed tomography

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