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Vol. 124. Issue 11.
Pages 427-433 (March 2005)
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Vol. 124. Issue 11.
Pages 427-433 (March 2005)
Papel de la cápsula endoscópica en el diagnóstico de las enfermedades digestivas
Role of endoscopic capsule in the diagnosis of digestive diseases
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Ángel Caunedo Álvareza, Juan Manuel Herrerías Gutiérreza
a Servicio de Aparato Digestivo. Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena. Sevilla. España.
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El desarrollo reciente de la cápsula endoscópica permite el estudio endoscópico de todo el intestino delgado de forma segura y no invasiva. La hemorragia digestiva de origen desconocido supone la principal indicación de la técnica (sensibilidad del 89%; especificidad del 95%), obteniéndose un rendimiento diagnóstico muy elevado en pacientes con hemorragia activa (92,3%), que desciende claramente en los casos de hemorragia previa no activa (12,9%). La capsuloendoscopia ha sido también propuesta en pacientes con sospecha clínica y analítica de enfermedad de Crohn de intestino delgado no confirmada mediante técnicas convencionales, respecto a la cual se han publicado algunos estudios con resultados prometedores. Finalmente, el papel que la cápsula puede desempeñar en el diagnóstico de pacientes con enfermedad celíaca, tumores intestinales, síndromes de poliposis gastrointestinal, dolor abdominal no filiado, pacientes pediátricos o en la afección intestinal de enfermedades sistémicas deberá ser establecido por estudios amplios bien diseñados.
Palabras clave:
Cápsula endoscópica
Indicaciones
Contraindicaciones
Hemorragia digestiva de origen desconocido
The recent development of the endoscopic capsule allows for the endoscopic study of the whole small intestine on a safe and non-invasive basis. Digestive hemorrhage of unknown origin is the main indication of the technique (sensitivity 89%, specificity 95%). In these cases, a high diagnostic accuracy is seen in patients with active bleeding (92.3%), which nevertheless decreases notably in patients with previous non-active bleeding (12.9%). Capsule endoscopy has also been proposed in patients with a clinical and laboratory suspicion of Crohn's disease involving the small bowel which has not been diagnosed through conventional techniques. Finally, the usefulness of capsule endoscopy for the management of other diseases such as celiac disease, intestinal tumors, gastrointestinal polyposis, abdominal pain of unknown origin, in pediatric patients or in the bowel involvement of systemic diseases should be established by means of well-designed, broad studies.
Keywords:
Endoscopic capsule
Indications
Contraindications
Unknown gastrointestinal bleeding

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