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Vol. 128. Issue 7.
Pages 247-250 (February 2007)
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Vol. 128. Issue 7.
Pages 247-250 (February 2007)
Diseño y primera evaluación de un programa de tratamiento de tabaquismo por teléfono. Comparación con un modelo estándar
Design and early results of a proactive telephone-based smoking cessation treatment compared with face-to-face group sessions
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José María Carreras Castelleta, Isabel Fletes Dónigaa, Mónica Quesada Labordaa, Beatriz Sánchez Torrecillaa, Leopoldo Sánchez Agudoa
a Unidad de Tabaquismo. Hospital Carlos III. Madrid. España.
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Fig. 1. Evolución de la abstinencia en ambos grupos.
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Fundamento y objetivo: Evaluar un tratamiento intensivo del tabaquismo realizado por teléfono de forma proactiva, comparándolo con un tratamiento similar realizado cara a cara en grupo. Diseño: Estudio prospectivo, controlado y observacional llevado a cabo en la práctica clínica diaria. Pacientes y método: Participantes: 383 fumadores de más de 10 cigarrillos al día, 176 para tratamiento telefónico y 207 para tratamiento cara a cara en grupo, mayores de 18 años, captados entre abril y noviembre de 2003. El estudio se llevó a cabo entre abril de 2003 y mayo de 2004. Técnica de tratamiento: 11 intervenciones cognitivo-conductuales durante 6 meses, más parches de nicotina de 24 h en dosis estándar y chicle de nicotina de 2 mg a demanda. Variable principal: abstinencia prolongada autodeclarada a las 24 h y 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 20 y 24 semanas después. Resultados: La abstinencia 1 y 2 semanas después era significativamente mayor en el grupo de tratamiento cara a cara en grupo que en el telefónico (primera semana, el 80,2 frente al 65,9%; p = 0,001; segunda semana, el 77,3 frente al 65,3%; p = 0,007). Posteriormente, la diferencia deja de ser significativa, y a las 24 semanas es prácticamente igual, el 54,6% en el tratamiento cara a cara en grupo y el 54,5% en el telefónico. Conclusiones: El programa de tratamiento intensivo del tabaquismo con terapia sustitutiva con nicotina es, a los 6 meses, igual de eficaz si se realiza en el marco telefónico de forma proactiva que si se realiza cara a cara en grupo.
Palabras clave:
Tabaquismo
Tratamiento proactivo
Teléfono
Background and objective: To assess an intensive proactive telephone smoking cessation program and compare it with a similar group in face to face treatment. Desing: A prospective, controlled, observational study performed during daily clinical practice. Patients and method: Participants: 383 smokers, 176 in telephone treatment and 207 in face to face group treatment, aged greater than 18 years old. They smoked more than 10 cigarettes per day and both groups were recruited between April and November 2003. The study was performed between April 2003 and May 2004. Treatment technique: 11 congnitive-behavioral interventions for six months plus 24 hour nicotine patches in standard doses and 2 mg nicotine gum on demand. Main variable: Prolonged abstinence self-professed at 24 hours, 1 week, 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 6 weeks, 8 weeks, 12, weeks, 16 weeks, 20 weeks and 24 weeks. Results: In the first and second week, abstinence was significantly higher in the face to face group than in telephone treatment (1st. week 80.2% vs. 65.9% p = .001; 2nd. week 77.3% vs 65.3% p = .007). Subsequently, the difference was not significant, and at 24 weeks abstinence remained similar for the two treatment methods, 54.6% in the face to face group treatment and 54.5% in telephone treatment. Conclusions: Intensive smoking cessation treatment programs, with nicotine replacement therapy, are equally effective if performed by proactive telephone or in face to face treatment sessions.
Keywords:
Smoking
Proactive treatment
Telephone

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