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Continuing medical education: Mycobacterial infections
Tuberculosis and immigration
Tuberculosis e inmigración
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Adrián Sánchez-Montalvá
Corresponding author
, Fernando Salvador, Daniel Molina-Morant, Israel Molina
Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario Vall d’Hebron, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Programa de Salud Internacional del ICS (PROSICS), Barcelona, Spain
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Received 03 October 2017. Accepted 12 October 2017
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Table 1. End TB strategy (2035).
Table 2. Immigrants in Spain from countries outside the European Union, rate of incidence, rate of incidence of MDR/RR by country (countries with communities of more than 50,000 people in Spain).
Table 3. Characteristics of the immigrant population with TB in Europe.
Table 4. Spanish studies comparing immigrant and native populations.
Table 5. Strategies for screening the immigrant population in developed countries with a low incidence of tuberculosisa
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Abstract

Tuberculosis continues to be a major public health problem in Spain. The incidence of tuberculosis in the native population has declined steadily in recent years. Migration flows have changed drastically since the beginning of the 21st century, with Spain becoming a recipient country for immigrants. Because most of the immigrants comes from countries with high incidence of tuberculosis, the contribution of the migrant population to new cases of tuberculosis is higher in relative terms than its weight in the total population. Tuberculosis programmes must address the cultural, economic and medical aspects of the disease, and particularly target groups at risk, including the migrant population. In this paper, we will review the epidemiology and dynamics of tuberculosis in the migrant population, their differentiating clinical characteristics and the programmatic actions to address the problem.

Keywords:
Tuberculosis
Immigration
Tuberculosis elimination
Tuberculosis control programmes
Resumen

La tuberculosis continúa siendo un problema de salud pública de primer orden en España. La incidencia de tuberculosis en la población autóctona ha disminuido progresivamente en los últimos años. Los flujos migratorios se han modificado drásticamente desde inicios del siglo xxi, cuando España ha pasado a ser un país receptor de inmigrantes. La mayor parte de los inmigrantes proceden de países con alta incidencia de tuberculosis, lo que ha supuesto que la contribución de esta población a los nuevos casos de tuberculosis sea relativamente superior respecto al peso que representan en el conjunto de la población. Los programas de lucha contra la tuberculosis tienen que abordar los aspectos culturales, económicos y médicos de la enfermedad, e incidir especialmente en los grupos de riesgo, entre los que destaca la población inmigrante. En este artículo revisaremos la epidemiología y la dinámica de la tuberculosis en la población inmigrante, sus características clínicas diferenciadoras y las acciones programáticas para abordar el problema.

Palabras clave:
Tuberculosis
Inmigración
Eliminación tuberculosis
Programas de control de la tuberculosis

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