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Original article
Postoperative Complications and Survival Rate of Esophageal Cancer: Two-period Analysis
Complicaciones postoperatorias y supervivencia del cáncer de esófago: análisis de dos periodos distintos
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Gregorio Isaías Moral Moral
Corresponding author
gregoriomoral@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, Mar Viana Miguel, Óscar Vidal Doce, Rosa Martínez Castro, Romina Parra López, Alberto Palomo Luquero, María José Cardo Díez, Isabel Sánchez Pedrique, Jorge Santos González, Jesús Zanfaño Palacios
Servicio de Cirugía General y Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario de Burgos, Burgos, Spain
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Received 02 February 2018. Accepted 06 May 2018
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Tables (4)
Table 1. Esophagectomies: Characteristics and Complications (Clavien–Dindo>II).
Table 2. Complications of Esophagectomies According to the Low Classification.
Table 3. Prognostic Factors for Complications of Esophagectomies (Clavien–Dindo>II).
Table 4. Esophagectomies: Prognostic Factors for Survivala
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Abstract
Introduction

Nowadays, treatment of esophageal cancer requires a multidisciplinary approach, in which esophagectomy remains the mainstay. The aim of this report is to assess whether multimodal treatment and minimally invasive surgery have led to a lower morbidity rate and an improvement in survival rates.

Methods

Retrospective evaluation of 318 patients diagnosed with esophageal cancer including 81 esophagectomies. The periods of 2000–2007 and 2008–2015 were compared, analyzing the prognostic factors that may have an impact in morbidity and survival rate.

Results

Major postoperative complications according to the Clavien–Dindo classification accounted for 35%, showing a decrease between the 1st and 2nd period: 41% morbidity vs 30%, 27% mortality vs 9% (P<.001) and 13.5% fistulas vs 7%. The implementation of thoracoscopic esophagectomy contributed to the outcome improvement, as shown by 19% morbidity and 5% mortality rates, with triangularized mechanical anastomosis showing 9% fistula and 5% stenosis. The overall 5-year survival rate was 19%, with a significant increase from 11% in the 1st period to 28% in the 2nd (P<.001).

Conclusions

Multidisciplinary assessment of patients with esophageal cancer, as well as better selection and indication of treatment and the introduction of new minimally invasive techniques (thoracoscopy and triangularized mechanical anastomosis), have improved the morbidity and mortality rates of esophagectomies, resulting in increased survival rates of these patients.

Keywords:
Esophageal cancer
Esophagectomy
Thoracoscopic esophagectomy
Hybrid minimally invasive esophagectomy
Mechanical cervical triangular anastomosis
Prognostic factors
Resumen
Introducción

Actualmente el tratamiento del cáncer de esófago requiere un enfoque multidisciplinar en el que la esofaguectomía sigue siendo su pilar básico. El objetivo del estudio es analizar si el tratamiento multimodal y la introducción de nuevas técnicas quirúrgicas menos invasivas ha supuesto una disminución de las complicaciones de la esofaguectomía y una mayor supervivencia del cáncer de esófago.

Métodos

Estudio retrospectivo de 318 pacientes con cáncer de esófago que incluyen 81 esofaguectomías. Se comparan los periodos 2000-2007 y 2008-2015 y se analizan los factores pronósticos que pueden influir en las complicaciones y supervivencia.

Resultados

Las complicaciones postoperatorias mayores según la clasificación de Clavien-Dindo fueron globalmente 35%, mostrando una disminución entre el 1.° y 2.° periodo: 41% de morbilidad vs 30%, 27% de mortalidad vs 9% (p < 0,001) y 13,5% de fístulas vs 7%. La incorporación de la esofaguectomía toracoscópica con 19% de complicaciones y 5% de mortalidad y la anastomosis mecánica triangularizada con 5% de fístulas y 9% de estenosis contribuyeron a estos resultados. La supervivencia global a los 5 años fue del 19%, con una mejoría significativa entre el 1.° y 2.° periodo: 11 vs 28% (p < 0,001).

Conclusiones

La valoración multidisciplinar de los pacientes, con una mejor selección e indicación del tratamiento multimodal, y la introducción de nuevas técnicas quirúrgicas menos invasivas y más depuradas, como la toracoscopia y la anastomosis mecánica triangularizada, se ha traducido en una disminución de la morbimortalidad de las esofaguectomías y en un aumento significativo de la supervivencia de los pacientes con CE.

Palabras clave:
Cáncer de esófago
Esofaguectomía
Esofaguectomía toracoscópica
Esofaguectomía mínimamente invasiva híbrida
Anastomosis cervical mecánica triangularizada
Factores pronósticos

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