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Vol. 1. Issue 1.
Pages 3-21 (January - June 2015)
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Vol. 1. Issue 1.
Pages 3-21 (January - June 2015)
Original article
Bioethics as a paradigm of an ethics for a technological society
La bioética como paradigma de una ética para una sociedad tecnológica
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Evandro Agazzi
Department of Bioethics, Panamerican University, México, D.F., México
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Abstract

In its history bioethics has considerably widened its range, initially limited to the biomedical sciences and technologies. Its novelty with regard to traditional medical ethics was the occurrence of unprecedented situations implying unforeseen options and decisions for which no moral norms existed and which, in addition, were characterized by notable complexity. To qualify as a genuine discipline, bioethics had to rely upon a specific method, and this is the interdisciplinary method in which the contributions of different specialized disciplines are integrated in a synthesis capable of orienting an ethically right decision: a mental attitude of dialogue is indispensable for attaining this goal. These features of bioethics are paradigmatic for an ethics of a technological society that entails the moral acceptance of the artificial and the recognition of the global dimension of most human actions. This novelty requires the elaboration of the concept of a “shared moral responsibility” that oversteps the limits of traditional ethics and, in particular, the ethics in which individual intentions are the fundamental moral criteria. System theory can offer useful conceptual tools for the elaboration of such an ethics, in which, in particular, the phenomenon of globalization also imposes the complementation of different ethical conceptions. The recognition of diversities as a wealth rather than a difficulty is the intellectual attitude that must be promoted in view of this maturation.

Keywords:
Ethics of technology
Ethics of complexity
Moral acceptance of the artificial
Systemic approach to ethics
Globalized ethics
Resumen

A lo largo de su historia, la bioética ha ampliado su alcance de forma considerable, al inicio limitado a las ciencias y tecnologías biomédicas. Resulta novedosa con respecto a la ética médica tradicional debido a la presencia de situaciones inusitadas, que implican alternativas y decisiones nunca antes vistas, para las cuales no existen normas morales y que, además, están caracterizadas por una notable complejidad. A fin de calificar cómo una disciplina genuina, la bioética, tuvo que recurrir a un método específico, un método interdisciplinario en el cual, las contribuciones de diferentes disciplinas especializadas se integran en una síntesis capaz de brindar orientación hacia una decisión éticamente correcta y, en este sentido, una actitud mental de diálogo, resulta indispensable para alcanzar esta meta. Estas características de la bioética son paradigmáticas para la ética de una sociedad tecnológica, la cual entraña la aceptación moral de lo artificial y el reconocimiento de la dimensión global de la mayoría de las acciones humanas. Este rasgo novedoso requiere la elaboración del concepto de una “responsabilidad moral compartida” que sobrepase los límites de la ética tradicional y, en particular, la ética en donde las intenciones individuales constituyan el criterio moral fundamental. La teoría de los sistemas puede ofrecer herramientas conceptuales útiles para la elaboración de esta ética, en donde, en particular, el fenómeno de la globalización contribuye para complementar las diferentes concepciones éticas. El reconocimiento de las diversidades como un patrimonio más que como una dificultad es la actitud intelectual que debe fomentarse a fin de lograr la maduración de esta ética novedosa.

Palabras clave:
Ética de la tecnología
Ética de la complejidad
Aceptación moral de lo artificial
Enfoque sistémico en la ética
Ética globalizada

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