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Validation of the prostate health index in a predictive model of prostate cancer
Validación del índice de salud prostática en un modelo predictivo de cáncer de próstata
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A. Sanchís-Boneta,
Corresponding author
asanchisbonet@yahoo.es

Corresponding author.
, M. Barrionuevo-Gonzálezb, A.M. Bajo-Chuecac, L. Pulido-Fonsecaa, L.E. Ortega-Polledoa, J.C. Tamayo-Ruiza, M. Sánchez-Chapadoa,c
a Departamento de Urología, Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares (Madrid), Spain
b Departamento de Bioquímica y Análisis Clínicos, Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares (Madrid), Spain
c Departamento de Biología de Sistemas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá de Henares, Alcalá de Henares (Madrid), Spain
This item has received
Received 08 April 2017. Accepted 02 June 2017
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Table 1. Descriptive characteristics of patients.
Table 2. Discrimination capacity of the markers and the combination of markers.
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Abstract
Objectives

To validate and analyze the clinical usefulness of a predictive model of prostate cancer that incorporates the biomarker “[-2] pro prostate-specific antigen” using the prostate health index (PHI) in decision making for performing prostate biopsies.

Material and methods

We isolated serum from 197 men with an indication for prostate biopsy to determine the total prostate-specific antigen (tPSA), the free PSA fraction (fPSA) and the [-2] proPSA (p2PSA). The PHI was calculated as p2PSA/fPSA×√tPSA. We created 2 predictive models that incorporated clinical variables along with tPSA or PHI. The performance of PHI was assessed with a discriminant analysis using receiver operating characteristic curves, internal calibration and decision curves.

Results

The areas under the curve for the tPSA and PHI models were 0.71 and 0.85, respectively. The PHI model showed a better ability to discriminate and better calibration for predicting prostate cancer but not for predicting a Gleason score in the biopsy ≥7. The decision curves showed a greater net benefit with the PHI model for diagnosing prostate cancer when the probability threshold was 15–35% and greater savings (20%) in the number of biopsies.

Conclusions

The incorporation of p2PSA through PHI in predictive models of prostate cancer improves the accuracy of the risk stratification and helps in the decision-making process for performing prostate biopsies.

Keywords:
Prostate cancer
Prostate health index
Predictive models
Decision curve analysis
Prostate biopsy
Resumen
Objetivos

Validar y analizar la utilidad clínica de un modelo predictivo de cáncer de próstata que incorpora el biomarcador «[–2] proantígeno prostático específico» a través del índice de salud prostática (PHI) en la toma de decisión para realizar una biopsia de próstata.

Material y métodos

Se aisló suero de 197 varones con indicación de biopsia de próstata para la determinación del antígeno prostático específico total (tPSA), fracción libre de PSA (fPSA) y [-2] proPSA (p2PSA); el PHI se calculó como p2PSA/fPSA×√tPSA. Se crearon 2 modelos predictivos que incorporaban variables clínicas junto a tPSA o a PHI. Se evaluó el rendimiento de PHI usando análisis de discriminación mediante curvas ROC, calibración interna y curvas de decisión.

Resultados

Las áreas bajo la curva para el modelo tPSA y el modelo PHI fueron de 0,71 y 0,85, respectivamente. PHI mostró mejor capacidad de discriminación y mejor calibración para predecir cáncer de próstata, pero no para predecir un grado de Gleason en la biopsia ≥7. Las curvas de decisión mostraron un beneficio neto superior del modelo PHI para el diagnóstico de cáncer de próstata cuando el umbral de probabilidad está entre 15 y 35% y un mayor ahorro (20%) en el número de biopsias.

Conclusiones

La incorporación de p2PSA a través de PHI a los modelos predictivos de cáncer de próstata mejora la exactitud en la estratificación del riesgo y ayuda en la toma de decisión sobre realizar una biopsia de próstata.

Palabras clave:
Cáncer de próstata
Índice de salud prostática
Modelos predictivos
Curvas de decisión
Biopsia de próstata

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