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Renal cell carcinoma with vascular invasion: Mortality and prognostic factors
Carcinoma de células renales con invasión vascular: mortalidad y factores pronósticos
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M.A. Rodríguez-Cabelloa,
Corresponding author
mrcabello.uro@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, I. Laso-Garcíaa, F. Donis-Caneta, V. Gómez-Dos-Santosa, C. Varona-Crespob, F.J. Burgos-Revillaa
a Servicios de Urología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
b Servicios de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
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Received 12 April 2016. Accepted 06 June 2016
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Tables (3)
Table 1. Clinical and anatomopathological characteristics and surgical techniques used.
Table 2. Analysis of the variables according to the Mantel–Haenszel method (log-rank).
Table 3. Clavien-Dindo classification to describe surgical complications.
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Abstract
Objective

Analysis of the results of patients who had been operated of renal cell carcinoma with vascular invasion in our institution, evaluation of prognostic factors and complications.

Methods

Retrospective observational study of 37 patients diagnosed of renal cell carcinoma with vascular invasion operated between May 1999 and July 2013. We used the method of Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and the Mantel–Haenszel's test (log rank) and the Cox's proportional hazards analysis test to analyse the risk factors of mortality.

Results

The median age was 60 years. Mean follow-up period was 42.1 months. The median overall survival and disease-free survival were 53.8 and 36.3 months, respectively. There was statistical association between overall survival and American Society of Anesthesiologists Classification score (p=0.047), tumor stage (p=0.003), lymph node involvement (p=0.024), presence of metastases (p=0.013), level of tumor thrombus (p=0.05) and histological type (p=0.001). 14 patients had grade IIIb complications or higher according to the Clavien Dindo classification, the most frequent was bleeding.

Conclusions

Renal cell carcinoma with vascular invasion is a disease with high rate of mortality. Surgery is a therapeutic option that can be curative. The number of complications is important. Survival is conditioned by the American Society of Anesthesiologists Classification score, tumor stage, the level of tumor thrombus, lymph node involvement, metastasis and histological type.

Keywords:
Renal cell carcinoma
Vascular invasion
Tumour thrombus
Prognostic factors
Survival
Resumen
Objetivo

Análisis de los resultados obtenidos en el seguimiento de los pacientes intervenidos de carcinoma renal con invasión vascular en nuestro centro, evaluación de los factores pronósticos y de las complicaciones.

Material y métodos

Estudio observacional retrospectivo de 37 pacientes diagnosticados de carcinoma renal con invasión vascular intervenidos entre mayo de 1999 y julio de 2013. Se emplean el método de Kaplan–Meier para el análisis de supervivencias y la prueba de Mantel-Haenszel (LogRank) y el modelo de riesgos proporcionales de Cox para el análisis de los factores de riesgo de mortalidad.

Resultados

La mediana de edad fue de 60 años. El tiempo de seguimiento medio de 42,1 meses. Las medianas de supervivencia global y supervivencia libre de enfermedad fueron de 53,8 y 36,3 meses respectivamente. Existe asociación estadística entre supervivencia global y el American Society of Anesthesiologists Classification score (p=0,047), estadio tumoral (p=0,003), la afectación ganglionar (p=0,024), la presencia de metástasis (p=0,013), el nivel de trombo tumoral (p=0,05) y el tipo histológico (p=0,001). Catorce pacientes presentaron complicaciones grado IIIb o mayor según la clasificación de Clavien-Dindo, siendo la más frecuente el sangrado.

Conclusiones

El carcinoma renal con invasión vascular es una enfermedad con alta tasa de mortalidad. La cirugía es una opción terapéutica que puede resultar curativa. El número de complicaciones es importante. La supervivencia está condicionada por el American Society of Anesthesiologists Classification score, el estadio tumoral, el nivel de trombo tumoral, la afectación ganglionar, las metástasis y el tipo histológico.

Palabras clave:
Carcinoma de células renales
Invasión vascular
Trombo tumoral
Factores pronósticos
Supervivencia

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